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Research

Scabies, impetigo, and other skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are highly prevalent in many tropical, low-middle income settings, but information regarding their burden of disease is scarce. We conducted surveillance of presentations of scabies and SSTIs, including impetigo, abscesses, cellulitis, and se≈vere SSTI, to primary health facilities in Fiji.

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Group A streptococcal (GAS) infections can trigger an immune-mediated response resulting in acute rheumatic fever. The role of social and environmental risk factors for GAS pharyngitis and skin infections are not well understood.

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Benzathine penicillin G (BPG) is used as first-line treatment for most forms of syphilis and as secondary prophylaxis against rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Perceptions that poor quality of BPG is linked to reported adverse effects and therapeutic failure may impact syphilis and RHD control programs. Clinical networks and web-based advertising were used to obtain vials of BPG from a wide range of countries.

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Prevalence of impetigo (skin sores) remains high in remote Australian Aboriginal communities, Fiji, and other areas of socio-economic disadvantage. Skin sore infections, driven primarily in these settings by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) contribute substantially to the disease burden in these areas. Despite this, estimates for the force of infection, infectious period and basic reproductive ratio-all necessary for the construction of dynamic transmission models-have not been obtained.

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Glenn Martyn Pearson Symons BA (Education) PhD Candidate B.A. (Hons) PhD. Director of First Nations Strategy and Leadership; Head, First Nations

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Our data set provides a useful reference point for genomic studies on Aboriginal Australians

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No evidence of tissue tropism was observed, and there was no apparent selective pressure or constraint of emm types

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The Kids Research Institute Australia (Jonathan Carapetis) is a member of the new Global Strep A Vaccine Consortium; a global GAS vaccine consortium that will drive strategic planning to anticipate requirements for licensure, prequalification, and policy recommendations.

People

Senior Research Fellow in the Strep A Translation team

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Occult maternal heart disease may be responsible for a substantial proportion of adverse pregnancy outcomes in low-resource settings

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This Group A Streptococcus OPKA assay has the potential to provide a robust and reproducible platform to accelerate GAS vaccine development.

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Health systems did not meet the needs of pregnant Aboriginal women with rheumatic heart disease

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Australia needs a single national pharyngitis guideline to assist in providing rational, consistent and timely antibiotic treatment to patients at high risk of ARF

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A vaccine that prevents GAS cellulitis and other skin infections, in addition to throat infections, would maximise its value and commercial viability

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Direct and indirect effects on pneumococcal carriage post-PCV10 are likely to result in reductions in pneumococcal disease, including in infants too young to be vaccinated

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Population-based primary prevention of ARF through sore throat management may be effective in well-resourced settings like New Zealand

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We review the Group A Streptococcus Human infection studies and present the study protocol for a dose-ranging inpatient study in healthy adults

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Pregnancy provides an opportunity to strengthen health system responses and address whole-of-life health for women with rheumatic heart disease