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Chris Deborah Tamara Brennan-Jones Lehmann Veselinovic PhD AO, MBBS, MSc BSc(Hons) MClinAud PhD Head, Ear and Hearing Health Honorary Emeritus Fellow

Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common infections in young children, arising from bacterial and/or viral infection of the middle ear. Globally, Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are the predominant bacterial otopathogens. Importantly, common upper respiratory viruses are increasingly recognized contributors to the polymicrobial pathogenesis of OM.

We investigated the suggestion that otitis-prone children have an impaired antibody response in the context of pneumococcal vaccination.

Reviewed in this article these studies have identified positive association at 21 genes with association at five of these replicated in independent populations.

Vaccines including conserved antigens from Streptococcus pneumoniae & nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae have the potential to reduce of otitis media.

Otitis media (OM) is a common childhood disease characterised by middle ear inflammation following infection

In Australia the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is administered at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, with no booster dose.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is associated with otitis media

Haemophilus haemolyticus is often incorrectly categorized as nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) upon culture. PCR analyses of 266 NTHI-like nasopharyngea

Demonstrate mucosal bacterial infection in children with otitis media with effusion (OME).